NEN Gallery

The word gramophone was first used by Alexander Graham Bell when he used a machine using flat records instead of cylinders, but the principle was the same as Edison's Hill & Dale method (needle vibrates up & down). Emile Berliner, a German American, first produced flat records that vibrated the stylus from side to side (the opposite of Bell's design). The Touraphone was a design developed by "PATHE" in 1906 and plays Hill & Dale records at 90 rpm starting from the inside moving to the outside. It was easily changed to play ordinary 78 rpm records by turning the sound box. 78 rpm records continued till the 1950's. The following from Wikipedia Founded as Société Pathé Frères in Paris, France on September 28, 1896 by brothers Charles, Émile, Théophile and Jacques Pathé, during the first part of the 20th century, Pathé became the largest film equipment and production company in the world as well as a major producer of phonograph records.